Types of eclipses: differences and interesting facts to observe as a family

Eclipses are one of the most fascinating astronomical phenomena we can observe from Earth. For families interested in astronomy, understanding the different types of eclipses and how to observe them safely is a unique opportunity for shared learning and wonder.

What is an eclipse?

An eclipse occurs when one celestial body passes between two others, creating a shadow. In our solar system, we primarily experience two types: solar eclipses (when the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun) and lunar eclipses (when the Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon).

Types of solar eclipses

Total solar eclipse

A total solar eclipse is the most spectacular of all eclipses. It occurs when the Moon completely covers the solar disk, allowing us to see the Sun's corona for a few precious minutes. In Spain, the last total solar eclipse visible was on August 12, 1905, and the next will be on August 12, 2045.

Interesting facts about the total eclipse:

• During the entire process, the temperature may drop by up to 10°C
• Animals may behave strangely, as if it were nighttime.
• You can see the stars in broad daylight
• The solar corona is visible to the naked eye

Partial solar eclipse

In a partial eclipse, the Moon covers only a portion of the Sun. These are more common and can be observed from a wider geographical area. In Spain, partial eclipses are relatively frequent, with the next one visible on March 29, 2025.

Annular solar eclipse

An annular eclipse occurs when the Moon is farthest from Earth in its elliptical orbit, so it cannot completely cover the Sun. A "ring of fire" forms around the Moon. Spain experienced an annular eclipse on October 3, 2005, visible from regions such as Madrid and Valencia.

Lunar eclipses

Total lunar eclipse

During a total lunar eclipse, the Moon takes on a characteristic reddish hue due to the refraction of sunlight in Earth's atmosphere. This phenomenon is completely safe to observe with the naked eye and lasts for several hours.

Partial lunar eclipse

Only a portion of the Moon enters the Earth's shadow, creating a "bite" effect on our satellite.

Penumbral lunar eclipse

The Moon passes through the Earth's penumbra, causing a subtle darkening that can be difficult to detect.

Eclipses in Spain: history and upcoming events

Spain has witnessed memorable eclipses throughout history:

• May 28, 1900: Total eclipse visible from southern Spain, with international scientific expeditions
• June 30, 1954: Total eclipse that crossed northern Spain
• August 11, 1999: Although the totality was not visible from Spain, it could be observed as a partial one with high magnitude

Upcoming eclipses in Spain:

• March 29, 2025: Partial eclipse with a magnitude of 20%
• August 12, 2026: Total eclipse in northern Spain
• August 2, 2027: Total eclipse in southern Spain

Safe Eclipse Viewing: A Guide for Families

Safe eclipse viewing is essential, especially when observing with children:

For solar eclipses:

• NEVER look directly at the sun without adequate protection
• Use ISO 12312-2 certified eclipse glasses like our ISO 12312-2 eclipse glasses available from Eclipsafe
• Project the image of the Sun using a strainer or perforated cardboard
• Use telescopes with appropriate solar filters
• During totality (only in total eclipses), it is safe to look directly at the eclipse for a few seconds

For lunar eclipses:

• They are completely safe to observe with the naked eye
• Binoculars or telescopes enhance the experience
• Find a dark place, away from light pollution

Eclipse explanation for children

To make an effective explanation for children about the eclipse, use simple analogies:

• Solar eclipse: "It's like when you're playing with shadow puppets and you put your hand between the lamp and the wall"
• Lunar eclipse: "The Earth casts a shadow on the Moon, just like when your head casts a shadow on the ground"
• Use balls and flashlights to demonstrate the movements
• Create a family observation calendar
• Make drawings before and after the eclipse

Recommended equipment for families

• Certified eclipse glasses (one per person)
• Binoculars for lunar eclipses
• Tripod and camera to photograph the event
• Observation notebook to record times and feelings
• Blanket or folding chairs for comfort during observation

Frequently asked questions about eclipses

Are eclipses dangerous?

Solar eclipses can be dangerous to your eyesight if not viewed correctly. Lunar eclipses are completely safe.

How often do eclipses occur?

Globally, total solar eclipses occur approximately every 18 months, but in a specific location, decades or centuries may pass between events.

Why does the Moon appear red during a total lunar eclipse?

The Earth's atmosphere acts like a lens, refracting sunlight and filtering out blue colors, while mainly allowing red colors to pass through.

Can eclipses be predicted?

Yes, eclipses can be predicted with mathematical precision centuries in the future thanks to celestial mechanics.

The future of astrotourism in Spain

With the upcoming eclipses of 2026 and 2027, Spain will become a prime destination for astrotourism. The northern (2026) and southern (2027) regions are expecting thousands of national and international visitors, creating unique opportunities for family-friendly astronomical tourism. Discover more about this topic in our article on astrotourism.

Conclusion

Eclipses offer a unique opportunity to connect with the cosmos as a family. Whether it's a solar eclipse that requires special preparation or a lunar eclipse that we can comfortably enjoy from home, each event is a window into the workings of the universe. With proper preparation and appropriate safety measures, observing eclipses can become a family tradition that inspires a love of astronomy in new generations.

At Eclipsafe, we are committed to making every eclipse viewing experience safe, educational, and memorable for the whole family.

Additional resources:

• Check out our ISO 12312-2 certified eclipse glasses for guaranteed protection
• Read our safe eclipse guide with practical tips for the whole family
• Discover the best astrotourism destinations in Spain to view eclipses
• Visit our FAQ section to find answers to all your questions about eclipses